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A metabolite produced following consumption of dietary soy may decrease a key risk factor for dementia - with the help of the right bacteria, according to a new discovery.

A team of scientists have developed a way to more accurately both detect and monitor a common type of pediatric brain cancer, setting the stage for giving clinicians a real-time view into how the cancer responds to treatment.

The first analysis of a sedimentary drill core representing 1 million years of environmental history in the East African Rift Valley shows that at the same time early humans were abandoning old tools in favor of more sophisticated technology and broadening their trade, their landscape was experiencing frequent fluctuations in vegetation and water supply that made resources less reliably available. The findings suggest that instability in their landscape was a key driver of human adaptability.

People have different susceptibilities to SARS-CoV-2, the virus behind the COVID-19 pandemic, and develop varying degrees of fever, fatigue, and breathing problems -- common symptoms of the illness. What might explain this variation? Scientists may have an answer to this mystery.

Scientists detail the structure of dumbbell-like sequences in DNA during interphase that suggest several unseen aspects of chromosome configuration and function.

During the outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP), dentists are at risk for more severe infection due to their professionalism. This article analyzed the route of infection during diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases. Following the related standards and guidelines of National Health Commission, the types, evaluation index and standards of medical and protective masks were summarized. It is expected to provide certain reference for the selection and use of masks of dental medical...

Ridge defects are a very common finding after tooth extraction. Recent literature has shown that the pattern of bone and soft tissue remodeling can obtain up to 50% of the original volume. Many different surgical approaches have been proposed over the years to correct ridge defects, but the results have often been inconsistent or difficult to reproduce on a daily basis. For some time, surgeons have relied on the guided bone regeneration (GBR) technique, taking advantage of a barrier membrane to...

The opioid crisis has had a substantial effect on women who are pregnant and parenting, focusing both public health and policymaker attention on opioids and on other substance use in pregnancy and postpartum. There is overwhelming consensus on the principle of a non-punitive approach towards substance use in pregnancy. Experts universally endorse supportive policies, which reduce barriers to care, and oppose punitive policies, which can increase the fear of legal penalties, discouraging women...

Uterine arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening cause of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). AVMs often present with intermittent or profuse vaginal bleeding in a woman with a history of uterine instrumentation. Transvaginal ultrasound is the initial imaging method used for diagnosis. Management depends on the patient's hemodynamic stability and desire for future pregnancy. Uterine artery embolization (UAE) is the initial treatment option for women of...

Treatment of nephrolithiasis in infants is challenging. There are no separate guidelines for the management of renal stones in infants. There is a recent surge in doing PCNL in supine position. Literature is lacking regarding the feasibility and safety of supine PCNL in infants. We report a case of supine PCNL in 9-month-old female baby. We report our case to insist on the feasibility, safety and advantages of supine PCNL even in less than 1 year age group.

Acute hunger is expected to affect 270 million people worldwide by this year’s end—an 82% increase since the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic began, according to the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP).

A rare, life-threatening hyperinflammatory syndrome that some children develop after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is distinct from Kawasaki disease, according to a collaboration among European scientists.

Since coronavirus disease 2019 ushered in lockdowns and limited movement, London-based Marie Stopes International reported that roughly 2 million fewer women have received reproductive care services through its programs in 37 countries. The result could be 1.5 million additional unsafe abortions, 900 000 unintended pregnancies, and 3100 additional deaths, according to the nonprofit organization that provides contraception and safe abortion.

This combination evidence-based and consensus clinical guideline presents recommendations and statements of good practice for the medical care of adults with Down syndrome, including screening, diagnosis, and treatment of behavioral health conditions, dementia, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, obesity, osteoporosis, atlantoaxial instability, hypothyroidism, and celiac disease.

University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill nutrition scholar Barry Popkin, PhD, and JAMA Medical News Associate Managing Editor Jennifer Abbasi discuss new findings on obesity and COVID-19. Popkin is the lead author of a systematic review and meta-analysis on the topic that was published recently in Obesity Reviews. He is a distinguished professor in the department of nutrition at the UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health.

Related Article(s):

Large Meta-analysis Digs Into Obesity’s COVID-19 Risks

What Happens When COVID-19 Collides With Flu Season?; Flu Vaccination Urged During COVID-19 Pandemic; COVID-19 and mRNA Vaccines—First Large Test for a New Approach

Related Article(s):

What Happens When COVID-19 Collides With Flu Season?

Flu Vaccination Urged During COVID-19 Pandemic

COVID-19 and mRNA Vaccines—First Large Test for a New Approach

Science communications expert Dominique Brossard, PhD, and JAMA Medical News Associate Managing Editor Jennifer Abbasi discuss research-based strategies to encourage mask wearing, social distancing, and hand washing during the COVID-19 pandemic. Dr. Brossard is a professor and chair of the Department of Life Sciences Communication at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and part of a new COVID-19-focused National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine group.

Related Article(s):

The Science of Persuasion Offers Lessons for COVID-19 Prevention

Researchers Strive to Recruit Hard-Hit Minorities Into COVID-19 Vaccine Trials; Taking a Closer Look at COVID-19, Health Inequities, and Racism; From Auto Mechanic to Emergency Medicine Resident: Inspiring Young Blacks to Become Physicians

Related articles:

Researchers Strive to Recruit Hard-Hit Minorities Into COVID-19 Vaccine Trials

Taking a Closer Look at COVID-19, Health Inequities, and Racism

From Auto Mechanic to Emergency Medicine Resident: Inspiring Young Blacks to Become Physicians

Carl Allamby, MD, discusses his circuitous route from long-time auto repair shop owner to emergency medicine resident with JAMA Medical News Senior Writer Rita Rubin. Growing up in Cleveland, Allamby never saw physicians who looked like him, but an introductory biology course required for his undergraduate business degree sparked a long dormant dream of becoming a physician.

Related Article(s):

From Auto Mechanic to Emergency Medicine Resident: Inspiring Young Blacks to Become Physicians

Many people are hoping that enough people develop resistance to COVID-19, either from being exposed to the disease or from vaccination, to develop herd immunity that will enable society to return to normal. But will that happen? Saad Omer, MD, from the Yale Institute for Global Health, discusses his JAMA article on herd immunity and how much we can count on having it to return society to normal from this COVID-19 pandemic.

Related Article(s):

Herd Immunity and Implications for SARS-CoV-2 Control

David Juurlink, MD, PhD, a clinical pharmacologist and professor of internal medicine at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and professor of medicine at the University of Toronto, discusses 10 things new doctors should know about drugs and thir complications as they start practicing medications in the the fourth and final episode of this series.

One of the most important things clinicians can do is help patients and their families deal with impending death. Despite its importance, this part of medical care is hardly covered in medical training. Clinicians have to learn this on their own. One of the most powerful ways to find out what it’s like is to go through it yourself. Martin F. Shapiro, MD, professor of medicine at the Weill Cornell School of Medicine, describes along with his sister, Lori Shapiro, what they went through in dealing with their mother’s death. Dr Shapiro relates what he learned to more effectively manage his patients and their families in coping with the end of life.

Related Article(s):

The Last Breath—Enriching End-of-Life Moments

Sweden’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic differed from its neighbors in Europe. Lockdowns were minimized with the belief that they would be more damaging than the virus itself. Much criticism was levied at the country regarding these policies. Anders Tegnell, MD, is the head of the Department of Public Health Analysis and Data Management, Deputy Director General at the Public Health Agency of Sweden, and had been Sweden's state epidemiologist since 2013. He discusses what Sweden did in response to COVID-19 and what their outcomes were.

Related Article:

COVID-19 and Health Equity—A New Kind of “Herd Immunity”

In the 13 years since the American Thoracic Society and Infectious Diseases Society of America have issued guidelines for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia much has changed, resulting in a new guideline with 16 major recommendations. These are reviewed by Maylyn Martinez, MD, from the Department of Medicine at the University of Chicago and JAMA Network Open Associate Editor Angel Desai, MD, from the Department of Medicine at the University of California at Davis.

Related Article:

Diagnosis and Treatment of Adults With Community-Acquired Pneumonia

This Viewpoint from CDC officials discusses late summer and early fall increases in COVID-19 cases among college-age students when they were returning to campus, and reiterates public health measures that could reduce outbreaks and the need for university-community partnership to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission.

This JAMA Guide to Statistics and Methods explains worst-rank score methods, a nonparametric statistical technique that assigns worst-case outcomes for patients with missing data to account for missingness that may reflect an adverse change in patient status (informative rather than random missingness).

In 2019 and early 2020, drug pricing in the United States was a top concern of the public and therefore of politicians. President Trump, the moderate Democrats, the progressive Democrats, and some Republicans competed to denounce louder and regulate more substantially the manner by which pharmaceutical firms set their prices.

Older adults who use substantial amounts of prescription opioids in the year before minor surgery face increased risk for death in the months after surgery...

The American Heart Association has updated its guidelines on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and emergency cardiovascular care in Circulation. Among the changes: Bystanders should start CPR...

Even short, frequent exposures to people who have COVID-19 could lead to transmission, new CDC data in MMWR suggest. Researchers detail the case of...

Take a look at the latest from NEJM Group: NEJM Group: Racism and Racial Bias in Medicine: Join a virtual, collaborative discussion on the issues...

See what's happening around NEJM Group: NEJM Resident 360: Podcast: Dr. Clifford J. Rosen — Associate Editor at the New England Journal of Medicine and Endocrinologist...

Most use is for psychiatric, musculoskeletal, and sleep disorders, as well as general mental and physical well-being.

In a randomized trial, PT's benefits were modest.

We present the week's summaries, commentary, and news on the pandemic.

A postinfection inflammatory syndrome previously described in some children infected with SARS-CoV-2 has now been recognized in adults.

Mortality risk increased nearly linearly in men and women with waist circumferences greater than 90 cm and 80 cm, respectively.

Time trend analyses support the hypothesis that HCV eradication reduces the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Risk for VZV reactivation was not greater with DAAs than with placebo.

Metformin use was associated with lower overall mortality but not with improved liver-related outcomes.

Findings are strengthened by objective measurement of physical activity using accelerometers.

Spontaneous viral clearance seems to occur in about 10% of patients.

Preeclampsia consistently carries heightened risks, oral contraceptives carry risks for some outcomes, and longer breast-feeding is associated with lower risk for some outcomes.

We present the week's summaries, commentary, and news on the pandemic.

Mortality risk increased nearly linearly in men and women with waist circumferences greater than 90 cm and 80 cm, respectively.

A meta-analysis says no, but it might not tell the whole story.

If current appropriate use criteria are modified according to the findings in ISCHEMIA, PCI would be appropriate for fewer patients with stable ischemic heart disease.

In a randomized trial, PT's benefits were modest.

Lyme disease was common enough among patients with Bell's palsy to justify routine testing.

However, it did confer a mortality benefit when given within 1 hour or to patients in severe shock in this randomized, controlled trial.

PE incidence more than doubled in ED patients undergoing CTPA during the peak COVID-19 wave in New York City.

The U.S. experienced 20% more deaths than expected from March through July 2020, with 67% of the excess documented to be from COVID-19; compared with other countries excess mortality in the U.S. remains higher.

Eric Rubin is editor-in-chief of the New England Journal of Medicine. I asked him how COVID-19 has affected that journal, which has been around since the War of 1812 and seen its share of pandemics. Listen in — it’s the first in a planned series of interviews with the editors of the principal clinical journals. Running time: 19 minutes […]

Dr. Paul Sax writes the closest thing that the NEJM Group has to humor. He’s serious, of course, since his blog “HIV and ID Observations” concerns all things infectious . But he sprinkles in the odd cartoon or links to … dog videos, fer cryin’ out loud. He scours the ID literature (and we must include […]

Back in late March (people often tell me that, these days, 4 months ago might as well be 4 years ago) we talked with emergency physician Julian Flores, who was working out of Broward County. Covid-19 cases were modest in number but threatening to get worse, and indeed they did. The county’s cases jumped 100-fold, from […]

Don’t expect HIPAA regulations to protect your “digital health footprint” from prying eyes. Every time you swipe your card to buy goodies at the supermarket (are you risking diabetes with all that ice cream?), or binge-watch that kinky series (how’s your mental health these days, really?), or let your step-tracker show you’ve fallen off the pace […]

We interview Dr. Michael Gonzalez, a Houston-based emergency physician, who describes the situation there as “an ongoing, slow-rolling, level 6 hurricane that just isn’t gonna go away and, more importantly, isn’t gonna tell us when landfall is coming and when it’s gonna be over.” How are his patients reacting to this surge? What does he do […]

Most use is for psychiatric, musculoskeletal, and sleep disorders, as well as general mental and physical well-being.

Use of the stimulants modafinil and armodafinil during pregnancy is associated with increased risk for major congenital malformations in offspring, according to findings in JAMA...

The remodeling of synapses manifested by changes in gray-matter density might alter cognition in directions that increase the risk for relapse in response to stress.

Problem gambling is associated with traumatic brain injury, even after the common comorbidities of hazardous alcohol use and suicidality are controlled for.

Infants exposed to epidural analgesia during delivery might face increased risk for autism spectrum disorder in childhood, suggests a retrospective study in JAMA Pediatrics. Researchers...

Preeclampsia consistently carries heightened risks, oral contraceptives carry risks for some outcomes, and longer breast-feeding is associated with lower risk for some outcomes.

Compared with placebo, metformin resulted in better maternal metabolic outcomes but lower neonatal birth weight.

A U.S. lipid management guideline has been updated to focus on “less is more.”

Glycemic control was similar with once-weekly insulin icodec and once-daily insulin glargine.

Findings from a large observational study are consistent with results of randomized trials.

The frequency of alcohol intake increased modestly in 2020 versus 2019, as did the incidence of heavy drinking in women.

In cognitively intact individuals with late-life depression, cortical amyloid burden predicted poor antidepressant response.

Among Medicaid patients, the relative mortality risk was 45% greater when augmenting an initial antidepressant with an antipsychotic than when adding a second antidepressant.

Affective and conduct symptoms are associated with later problematic biomarker levels and with early death in a population-based, prospective study.

In a large sample, adverse childhood events were more predictive of clinical outcomes than polygenic risk.