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New research suggests that aged African green monkeys may be suitable models for the study of severe forms of COVID-19.

Researchers have found that infecting the nasal passages of mice with the virus that causes COVID-19 led to a rapid, escalating attack on the brain that triggered severe illness, even after the lungs were successfully clearing themselves of the virus.

Results from a new study suggest the immune systems of people infected with COVID-19 may rely on antibodies created during infections from earlier coronaviruses to help fight the disease.

People with anxiety and depression are more likely to report an increase in drinking during the COVID-19 pandemic than those without mental health issues, according to a new study.

Researchers have explained how the regularly structured topographic maps in the visual cortex of the brain could arise spontaneously to efficiently process visual information. This research provides a new framework for understanding functional architectures in the visual cortex during early developmental stages.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this review was to assess the prevalence of United States chronic kidney disease (CKD) health disparities, focusing on racial/ethnic groups, immigrants and refugees, sex or gender, and older adults.

CONCLUSIONS: currently, remdesivir and favipiravir are advantageous drugs that should be administered in the early phases. Their side effects are not well known and need to be found in following research projects. Steroids and tocilizumab have been considered beneficial in the cytokine storm phase. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem, affecting about 10% of the population. Pharmacotherapy aims to protect against microvascular complications, including blindness, end-stage kidney disease, and amputations. Landmark clinical trials have demonstrated that intensive glycemic control slows progression of microvascular complications (retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy). Long-term follow-up has demonstrated that intensive glycemic control also decreases risk of macrovascular...

CONCLUSIONS: Very high-risk patients with or without SAMS obtained a clinically meaningful reduction in LDL-C of approximately 25% owing to their Lipid Clinic treatment.

CONCLUSIONS: Early initiation of CRRT treatment in SA-AKI patients can reduce the duration of CRRT, but has no effect on length of ICU stay, total length of hospital stay, renal function recovery and mortality. At present, the optimal timing for initiation of CRRT in patients with SA-AKI remains unknown.

Failure to vaccinate children against measles has led to a 556% surge in the number of reported cases and a 50% increase in deaths from the disease since 2016, according to the World Health Organization (WHO).

Treating children in sub-Saharan Africa’s malaria-endemic areas with a monthly preventive drug regimen during the rainy season reduced children’s deaths from the disease by up to 57%, a study found.

By boosting human papillomavirus vaccination, cervical cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment, the World Health Organization (WHO) hopes to slash new cervical cancer cases by 40% and deaths by 5 million by 2050. The effort is the first time the World Health Assembly’s 194 member states have signed on to eliminate a type of cancer.

This Viewpoint proposes measures the incoming Biden administration can take to increase access to health insurance coverage under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and Medicaid, including limiting short-term ACA coverage provisions, rolling back state Medicaid waivers, and simplifying Medicaid eligibility.

This Viewpoint posits that the US will engage in another debate about health care reform to consider expanding coverage, improving affordability, and containing costs.

Communication science expert Brian Southwell, PhD, recently launched a training workshop at the Duke University School of Medicine to address a major clinical problem: What should physicians do when patients are misinformed about their health? It’s one of only a few such programs in the nation. Southwell, a scholar with the medical school’s Social Science Research Institute and a senior director at the independent, nonprofit research institute RTI International, chatted with JAMA Medical News Associate Managing Editor Jennifer Abbasi about the viral spread of false health information and malicious disinformation campaigns, why we’re vulnerable to falling for them, and how time-pressed physicians can deal with all the noise.

Related Article(s):

COVID-19 Conspiracies and Beyond: How Physicians Can Deal With Patients’ Misinformation

JAMA Network Articles of the Year 2020; Looking to Long-term Survivors for Improved Pancreatic Cancer Treatment; Musical Spine Surgeons Lift Spirits With Songs of Hope

Related Article(s):

JAMA Network Articles of the Year 2020

Looking to Long-term Survivors for Improved Pancreatic Cancer Treatment

Musical Spine Surgeons Lift Spirits With Songs of Hope

Ala Stanford, MD, founder of Philadelphia's Black Doctors COVID-19 Consortium, talks with JAMA Medical News staff writer Mary Chris Jaklevic about her work to establish COVID-19 testing sites for the city's Black residents.

Related Article:

Surgeon Fills COVID-19 Testing Gap in Philadelphia’s Black Neighborhoods

JAMA sat down with Elvis Francois and William Robinson to talk about their unexpected fame as a musical duo. Videos of the 2 performing uplifting songs, with Francois on vocals and Robinson on the piano, have gone viral, leading the 2 spine surgery fellows to record an EP at a Nashville studio this past spring. They're donating all the proceeds from the successful EP to COVID-19-related charities.

Related Article:

Musical Spine Surgeons Lift Spirits With Songs of Hope

Could Frequent Testing Help Squelch COVID-19?; Nursing Homes’ Next Test—Vaccinating Workers Against COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2 Testing Hesitancy Could Hamper Mitigation Efforts

Related Articles:

The Challenges of Expanding Rapid Tests to Curb COVID-19

Nursing Homes’ Next Test—Vaccinating Workers Against COVID-19

First It Was Masks; Now Some Refuse Testing for SARS-CoV-2

Mitchell Katz, MD, president and chief executive officer of New York City Health + Hospitals, and former Los Angeles County health agency director, discusses causes, similarities, and differences between the spike of COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths in the 2 cities.

Related Article:

Modernize Medical Licensing, and Credentialing, Too—Lessons From the COVID-19 Pandemic

Glaucoma is the most common cause of irreversible blindness in the world. Joshua Stein, MD, MS, associate professor of ophthalmology at the University of Michigan, reviews the diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma.

Related Article:

Glaucoma in Adults—Screening, Diagnosis, and Management

A new trial reports that a third of emergency department patients presenting with appendicitis admitted for oral antibiotic treatment had outcomes no different from those admitted for intravenous antibiotic treatment. Paulina Salminen, MD, PhD, professor of surgery at the University of Turku in Finland, discusses the findings.

Related Article(s):

Effect of Oral Moxifloxacin vs Intravenous Ertapenem Plus Oral Levofloxacin for Treatment of Uncomplicated Acute Appendicitis

Gregory Armstrong, MD, director of the Advanced Molecular Detection Program for the CDC, explains what is currently known about the new mutations of SARS-CoV-2.

Related Article(s):
Genetic Variants of SARS-CoV-2—What Do They Mean?

Next-Generation Sequencing of Infectious Pathogens

Next Generation Sequencing of Infectious Pathogens in Public Health and Clinical Practice

Understanding SARS-CoV-2 Genetic Variants

Next-generation sequencing is a catchall term for new, high-throughput technologies that allow rapid sequencing of a full genome. It can be used to sequence a patient’s DNA in diagnosing a genetic disorder or characterizing a cancer, but it can also be used to sequence the genome of a pathogenic bacteria, virus, fungi, or parasites. In this JAMA clinical review podcast, we talk with authors Marta Gwinn, MD, MPH, and Gregory L. Armstrong, MD, from the CDC, about how next-generation sequencing of infectious pathogens is being implemented in clinical practice and in public health surveillance for infectious disease.

Related Article(s):

Next-Generation Sequencing of Infectious Pathogens

Podcast originally published 2/14/19.

A 32-year-old Nigerian woman with a childhood transfusion history developed scaly plaques with cobblestone surfaces on the dorsum of the forefoot and midfoot bilaterally; serologic testing was negative for HIV and positive for hepatitis C virus. What is the diagnosis and what would you do next?

This Viewpoint considers whether the shift away from private investment toward government funding of drug and vaccine development and commercialization during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is sustainable, arguing that the same or greater level of public investment will be necessary if drug prices are to remain affordable and if the US wants to maintain its global leadership position.

A 64-year-old man underwent APOE ɛ4 allele testing for 3 years of forgetfulness and word-finding difficulties and a family history of early-onset dementia, with results positive for genotypes 3 and 4 indicating “with high specificity, that Alzheimer’s disease is the cause of or a contributor to the observed dementia.” What would you do next?

Joe Elia chatted with Drs. David Ilson, Ghassan Abou-Alfa, and Axel Grothey ahead of this weekend's Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium from the American Society of...

New regulations from the Department of Health and Human Services aim to make it easier for U.S. physicians to prescribe medication-assisted treatment, such as...

California's state epidemiologist is recommending that providers temporarily stop administering COVID-19 vaccines from Moderna's Lot 41L20A. One community vaccination site had fewer than 10...

The B.1.1.7 variant of SARS-CoV-2 that was first detected in England is likely to become the most prevalent strain of the virus...

Check out what we've selected for you from across NEJM Group: New England Journal of Medicine: Correspondence: In this analysis involving patients treated in Minnesota...

Ninety-day risk for AAA formation or repair was higher in fluoroquinolone patients than in those who took another antibiotic.

In longer-term follow-up of a previously published trial, ablative procedures lowered incidence of recurrent ulcers.

The combination confers a small but measurable excess risk for opioid overdose and respiratory depression.

We present the week's summaries, commentary, and news on the pandemic.

The anti-spike-protein IgG3 response appeared best for distinguishing infected from uninfected individuals, while agreeing most closely with a standard viral neutralization test.

Risk status includes birth in, or birth to parents from, countries with a high prevalence of hepatitis B.

Pilot study data show promise of histological efficacy.

Noninjection drug use, sex between males, and homelessness were significantly associated with hospitalization.

The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America provides updated guidelines for management of healthcare workers with chronic hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and HIV infection.

Early administration of antivirals prior to transplantation may allow for a shorter treatment course.

Ninety-day risk for AAA formation or repair was higher in fluoroquinolone patients than in those who took another antibiotic.

We present the week's summaries, commentary, and news on the pandemic.

Among women with new-onset hypertension during pregnancy, Black women were more likely than white women to be hypertensive postpartum.

New ACC/AHA guidelines replace earlier versions.

Digoxin was equivalent to a beta-blocker for quality of life in patients with AF and heart failure.

A farewell from the Editor-in-Chief

Boluses of hypertonic saline to correct moderate-to-severe hyponatremia were easier to administer and did not lead to more overcorrection of hyponatremia in this small trial.

In this multicenter study, these organisms were identified in 17% of patients, and administration of an in vitro active antibiotic was often delayed.

This randomized trial found tetracaine reduces the pain of corneal abrasions, but the trial was too small to assess safety.

But for most patients, there are better first-line options.

Apologies for the long silence. We have been off doing other things — one of which has been figuring out how to cover conferences. Last month, after much preparation, we covered the American Society of Hematology (ASH) annual conference; our second foray consists of brief coverage of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) gastrointestinal […]

The post Podcast 274: Preliminary Thoughts on the 2021 ASCO Gastrointestinal Cancer Conference first appeared on Clinical Conversations.

Eric Rubin is editor-in-chief of the New England Journal of Medicine. I asked him how COVID-19 has affected that journal, which has been around since the War of 1812 and seen its share of pandemics. Listen in — it’s the first in a planned series of interviews with the editors of the principal clinical journals. Running time: 19 minutes […]

The post Podcast 273: The journals and the pandemic -- NEJM first appeared on Clinical Conversations.

Dr. Paul Sax writes the closest thing that the NEJM Group has to humor. He’s serious, of course, since his blog “HIV and ID Observations” concerns all things infectious . But he sprinkles in the odd cartoon or links to … dog videos, fer cryin’ out loud. He scours the ID literature (and we must include […]

The post Podcast 272: And now for something completely different... almost first appeared on Clinical Conversations.

Back in late March (people often tell me that, these days, 4 months ago might as well be 4 years ago) we talked with emergency physician Julian Flores, who was working out of Broward County. Covid-19 cases were modest in number but threatening to get worse, and indeed they did. The county’s cases jumped 100-fold, from […]

The post Podcast 271: Checking back in with Florida -- 4 months later first appeared on Clinical Conversations.

Don’t expect HIPAA regulations to protect your “digital health footprint” from prying eyes. Every time you swipe your card to buy goodies at the supermarket (are you risking diabetes with all that ice cream?), or binge-watch that kinky series (how’s your mental health these days, really?), or let your step-tracker show you’ve fallen off the pace […]

The post Podcast 270: Is healthcare privacy possible if "all data are health data"? first appeared on Clinical Conversations.

A farewell from the Editor-in-Chief

Only 1 in 13 U.S. adults living in a home with firearms has ever been asked about firearm safety by a clinician, according to survey...

Guidance in identifying and managing eating disorders in pediatric practice is the focus of a report from the American Academy of Pediatrics published in Pediatrics...

A large, well-designed, and well-controlled study shows that depression is indeed a risk factor for incident cardiovascular disease, but the risk is fairly small.

This retrospective study showed no significant difference in patient-centered outcomes between lorazepam and diazepam.

The sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors dapagliflozin and empagliflozin improved outcomes for patients with heart failure, whether or not they had diabetes.

Key recommendations address glycemic targets, dietary management, and medications for patients with chronic kidney disease.

In a pilot randomized controlled trial, outcomes were similar whether patients received 3 weeks or 6 weeks of antibiotic therapy.

A multisession intervention that promoted weight loss and exercise was not enhanced by lay volunteers' support.

The SGLT-2 inhibitor sotagliflozin reduced deaths from cardiovascular causes, hospitalizations, and urgent care visits, compared with placebo, without major safety issues.

A substantial proportion of patients transitioned to unhealthy alcohol use after surgery.

A large, well-designed, and well-controlled study shows that depression is indeed a risk factor for incident cardiovascular disease, but the risk is fairly small.

This novel 3-week, self-guided program using cognitive-behavioral therapy reduced distressing and impairing worry about the pandemic.

One in four women reported symptoms of major depression 30 days following treatment for miscarriage; risk was higher in Black than non-Black women.

Psychotherapies — particularly cognitive-behavioral approaches and especially as adjunctive treatments — can help recovered patients avoid relapse.