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Researchers have shown that a targeted therapy using non-thermal radio waves is safe to use in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common type of liver cancer, according to a new study. The therapy also showed a benefit in overall survival.

In the biomaterials industry, electrospinning is a ubiquitous fabrication method used to produce nano- to microscale fibrous meshes that closely resemble native tissue architecture. Alas, the process has traditionally used solvents that not only are environmentally hazardous but also a significant barrier to industrial scale-up, clinical translation, and widespread use. But now, researchers report that they have developed a 'green electrospinning' process that addresses those challenges, from managing environmental risks of volatile solvent storage and disposal at large volumes to meeting health and safety standards during both fabrication and implementation.

Symptoms for early COVID-19 infection differ among age groups and between men and women, new research has found.

The mutations that give rise to melanoma result from a chemical conversion in DNA fueled by sunlight -- not just a DNA copying error as previously believed, reports a new study. The findings upend long-held beliefs about the mechanisms underlying the disease, reinforce the importance of prevention efforts and offer a path forward for investigating the origins of other cancer types.

Medical researchers have discovered what appears to be an Achilles' heel in ovarian cancers, as well as new biomarkers that could point to which patients are the best candidates for possible new treatments.

Midostaurin (MDS) is used for treatment of acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome and advanced systemic mastocytosis. Sample of MDS softgel capsules were subjected to stress testing as per ICH guidelines for the impurity profiling study. MDS had undergone extensively degradation under the stress-testing (acid, alkaline, oxidative, photolytic, thermolytic and hydrolysis conditions) and formed four degradation products (DPs). MDS and its DPs were separated well from each other with good...

CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the leading cause of MS after SRS was tumor growth at an average of 39.4 months after radiation. There were no significant differences in outcomes of facial nerve preservation, postoperative HB grade, or complication rate based on surgical approach. Patients who underwent STR showed statistically significant better HB outcomes compared with GTR. MS after SRS was considered by most authors to be more difficult than primary MS. These data support the notion that...

The increasing use of opioid treatment agreements (OTAs) has prompted debate within the medical community about ethical challenges with respect to their implementation. The focus of debate is usually on the efficacy of OTAs at reducing opioid misuse, how OTAs may undermine trust between physicians and patients and the potential coercive nature of requiring patients to sign such agreements as a condition for receiving pain care. An important consideration missing from these conversations is the...

CONCLUSION: This study highlights the high prevalence of ID in patients with cancer, whether or not associated with anaemia or treatment. These results emphasise the need to a better detection and management of ID in cancer, thereby optimising overall patient care.

CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the need for further research on and the development of guidelines for the prevention and treatment of baclofen withdrawal. The results of this survey, along with a systematic literature review and multidisciplinary stakeholder input, may be helpful in establishing guidelines for the treatment and prevention of baclofen withdrawal.

This Arts and Medicine feature contains a kidney-themed crossword puzzle.

In the Original Investigation titled “Radiofrequency Ablation vs Antiarrhythmic Drugs as First-Line Treatment of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation (RAAFT-2): A Review,” published in the February 19, 2014, issue of JAMA, the graphs in Figure 2 were reversed. This article was corrected online.

Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction serves as a prototypical example in which advances in scientific discovery have not been fully realized in clinical practice. In recent years, stepwise progress in discovery science has afforded the availability of several disease-modifying therapies. Complete uptake of contemporary multidrug regimens is estimated to provide significant improvements in longevity and event-free survival. However, deep, pervasive gaps have remained in the optimal adoption of these therapies. Similar implementation gaps exist across other prevalent cardiometabolic conditions, including diabetes, chronic kidney disease, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and obesity. These implementation shortcomings have limited the population-level benefit that these therapies might offer.

Historically antibiotics were seen as miracle drugs. Over the past 70 years of widespread antibiotic use, however, there has been increasing recognition of some of the downsides of these drugs, including adverse effects and antimicrobial resistance. This awareness has prompted reconsideration of how to best use antibiotics including limiting use by disease indication or duration. Antibiotic durations for common infections were initially based on pathophysiology, expert opinion, and small observational studies. Recent clinical trials that randomly assigned patients to shorter courses or oral antibiotics for treatment of infections such as bone and joint infection or bacteremia have largely found noninferiority for achieving resolution of infection compared with standard dosing practice. This re-evaluation of antibiotic duration has aligned with a general trend reconsidering the “more is better” approach to clinical medicine.

This JAMA Clinical Guidelines Synopsis summarizes the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases/Infectious Diseases Society of America 2019 guideline update on screening for hepatitis C virus.

The Search for a Single Vaccine Against Coronaviruses Yet to Come; Semaglutide’s Success Could Usher in a “New Dawn” for Obesity Treatment; Confronting High HIV Rates Among Transgender Women With Empowerment and Gender Affirmation.

Related Content:

• The Search for a Single Vaccine Against Coronaviruses Yet to Come
• Semaglutide’s Success Could Usher in a “New Dawn” for Obesity Treatment
• Confronting High HIV Rates Among Transgender Women With Empowerment and Gender Affirmation

Community-Based Organizations Step Up to Confront HIV in Southern States; Restrictive Policies Threaten Efforts to Stop 2 West Virginia HIV Outbreaks; Cystic Fibrosis Affects People of All Colors, Not Just Those Who Are White

Related Content:

• Community-Based Organizations Step Up to Confront HIV in Southern States
• Restrictive Policies Threaten Efforts to Stop 2 West Virginia HIV Outbreaks
• Cystic Fibrosis Affects People of All Colors, Not Just Those Who Are White

Lung transplantation has become an option of last resort for a small subset of patients with COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or pulmonary fibrosis. Ankit Bharat, MD, chief of Thoracic Surgery and director of Lung Transplant and ECMO at Northwestern Memorial Hospital in Chicago, discusses his experience performing lung transplants for patients with respiratory failure due to COVID-19, including the first successful double lung transplant in the US for a patient with COVID-19-related ARDS.

Related Content:

Lung Transplants for COVID-19—The Option of Last Resort

Researchers Tie Severe Immunosuppression to Chronic COVID-19 and Virus Variants; An Inside Look at a Post–COVID-19 Clinic; COVID-19 and the “Lost Year” for Smokers Trying to Quit

Related Content:

• Researchers Tie Severe Immunosuppression to Chronic COVID-19 and Virus Variants
• An Inside Look at a Post–COVID-19 Clinic
• COVID-19 and the “Lost Year” for Smokers Trying to Quit

Michigan public officials’ decision to change Flint’s water supply in 2014 created widespread lead contamination in the city’s drinking water. Pediatrician Mona Hanna-Attisha, MD, MPH, revealed the tainted water’s effects on the city’s children during an unusual press conference in 2015. Although it took 7 years, a grand jury handed down indictments against 9 public officials, including Governor Rick Snyder, for their roles in the crisis. JAMA Medical News Associate Managing Editor Jennifer Abbasi recently caught up with Hanna-Attisha to discuss the health of Flint’s children, the future of its water supply, and other pressing public health issues.

Related Content:

Lead, Mistrust, and Trauma—Whistleblowing Pediatrician Discusses the Legacy of Flint’s Water Crisis

Anabolic drugs activate osteoblasts and are an alternative to bisphosphonates for treating osteoporosis. Kristine Ensrud, MD, MPH, professor of medicine and epidemiology at the University of Minnesota and Minneapolis VA Healthcare System, joins JAMA Associate Editor Carolyn Crandall, MD, MS, to discuss the role of teriparatide, abaloparatide, and romosozumab in the management of osteoporosis.

Related Content:

Anabolic Therapy for Osteoporosis

Several new therapeutic drug classes are now available to manage lipid levels. John Wilkins, MD, MS, and Donald Lloyd-Jones, MD, ScM, of the Department of Preventive Medicine and Division of Cardiology at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, discuss the use of ezetimibe, PCSK-9 inhibitors, bempedoic acid, and icosapent ethyl to manage lipid levels in patients taking statins who require additional LDL lowering.

Related Content:

• Novel Lipid-Lowering Therapies to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk
• Lipids and Lipoproteins in 2020

Alcoholic liver disease is increasing in incidence, especially in younger age groups. Ashwani Singal, MD, MS, professor of medicine at University of South Dakota, reviews the diagnosis, clinical presentation, and management of alcoholic liver disease, from acute alcoholic hepatitis to cirrhosis.

Related Content:

Diagnosis and Treatment of Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease

Approximately 1 in 8 women of reproductive age seek treatment for infertility. JAMA Associate Editor Linda Brubaker, MD, joins Sandra Ann Carson, MD, of Yale School of Medicine, to discuss causes and clinical correlates of infertility as well as evaluation options and treatment approaches.

Related Content:

Diagnosis and Management of Infertility

Transcatheter valve repair has emerged as an important therapeutic option for patients with aortic and mitral valve disease. JAMA Deputy Editor Gregory Curfman, MD, interviews Charles Davidson, MD, clinical chief of Cardiology at Northwestern University, to review the range of indications and procedures now available, including transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), valve-in-valve procedures after bioprosthetic valve failure, and mitral valve transcatheter edge-to-edge repair.

Related Article:

Transcatheter Treatment of Valvular Heart Disease

This Viewpoint describes the drivers of more physician practices turning into bill collectors, the consequences for those clinicians, a wave of new companies looking to solve the problem, and what might be done to improve the situation.

This Viewpoint discusses how hospitals could build sustainable resilience to improve their operation during both public health challenges and normal times by robust supply chains, building cultures of excellence and collaboration, and coordinating operations within and across hospitals.

Here's what we chose for you from NEJM Group today: New England Journal of Medicine: Perspective: As difficult as 2020 was, it also brought some...

Dear Readers, This marks our final issue of Physician's First Watch. Over the past couple of weeks, hundreds of you have written to us to...

Blood pressure (BP)–lowering treatment is associated with lower risk for cardiovascular (CV) events across a wide range of BP levels and in patients with...

Higher body-mass index is associated with increased risk for severe COVID-19–related outcomes, even at a BMI considered a healthy weight, according to...

The FDA has embarked on a process to ban menthol cigarettes and all flavored cigars. In a statement released Thursday, the acting FDA commissioner, Dr...

The one-step test results in higher utilization of healthcare resources but similar pregnancy outcomes.

A large, prospective study suggests that habitual coffee intake isn't associated with excess risk for cardiac arrhythmias.

Even among 80-year-old women with substantial comorbidities, treatment with aromatase inhibitors or tamoxifen appeared to prolong survival.

A new guideline addresses blood pressure measurement, targets, and medications.

Malignancies and drug reactions were common causes; infectious causes were rare.

A large, prospective study suggests that habitual coffee intake isn't associated with excess risk for cardiac arrhythmias.

A new guideline addresses blood pressure measurement, targets, and medications.

Averaging multiple beats can mask the diagnosis of severe aortic stenosis.

Myopericarditis occurred in 13 teens after the second dose of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine.

Case series show mostly minor clinical consequences.

Infusion centers had better outcomes than emergency departments for managing uncomplicated crises.

Done correctly, the 30:2 strategy might be associated with a survival benefit over continuous compressions.

During a recent 3-year period, 563 patients presented to a single urban emergency department with scooter-related fractures.

Mortality and neurological outcomes were similar when targets were 33°C or 37.5°C.

Medicare's SEP-1 requirement leads to variable improvement in process measures without improving outcomes.

An internist at Massachusetts General Hospital, Dr. Joseph Betancourt also runs their program on equity and community health. In this, the final entry in our four-interview exploration of race and clinical equity, Betancourt talks about the need for medical institutions to pay attention to what’s happening in their patients’ communities. To that end, MGH has a […]

The post Podcast 278: Where equity and community health intersect — a conversation with Joseph Betancourt first appeared on Clinical Conversations.

Dr. Sheares talks about her experience with inequities. She believes that clinicians should aspire to be students of their patients as well as of the pathophysiology of the diseases their patients present with. Listen in. Running time: 20 minutes

The post Podcast 277: Race and clinical equity — know your patients — a conversation with Karen Dorsey Sheares first appeared on Clinical Conversations.

In this, our second conversation on race and clinical equity, Dr. Karol Watson of UCLA offers her observations on what she’s observed as a cardiologist trying to deal with treatment plans for patients who’ve lost their health insurance or have had to go to a plan that doesn’t cover what’s needed. She reminds us that tagging […]

The post Podcast 276: Pay attention to the structural barriers that contribute to clinical inequity — Karol Watson first appeared on Clinical Conversations.

We’ve conducted a set of four interviews with physicians on the topic of race and clinical equity. The conversations center not so much on their published research, but on the roles that these physicians take in their organizations and, in addition, the stories they tell about their own experiences. Our first is with Dr. Kimberly Manning, who’s […]

The post Podcast 275: Race and Clinical Equity — a Conversation with Dr. Kimberly Manning first appeared on Clinical Conversations.

Apologies for the long silence. We have been off doing other things — one of which has been figuring out how to cover conferences. Last month, after much preparation, we covered the American Society of Hematology (ASH) annual conference; our second foray consists of brief coverage of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) gastrointestinal […]

The post Podcast 274: Preliminary Thoughts on the 2021 ASCO Gastrointestinal Cancer Conference first appeared on Clinical Conversations.

Composite physical performance measures and walking speed were both affected.

Brief cessation advice plus free nicotine-replacement products helped some men quit smoking.

During preventative-care visits, 56% of adolescents without prior mental health issues screened positive for depression.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy during antidepressant taper was as effective as continuing antidepressants.

One third of such patients in U.S. nursing homes received anticoagulation.

The one-step test results in higher utilization of healthcare resources but similar pregnancy outcomes.

Adding an SGLT-2 inhibitor was associated with better outcomes than adding a sulfonylurea.

Among patients recently hospitalized for HF exacerbations, sotagliflozin lowered the incidence of multiple readmissions.

Efpeglenatide, which is not yet U.S. FDA-approved, lowered adverse cardiovascular event rates.

This drug (not yet U.S. FDA approved) is a dual GLP-1 and GIP receptor agonist.