Tin tức y tế

Why can some people weather the stress of social isolation better than others, and what implications does this have for their health? New research found that people who felt a strong sense of purpose in life were less lonely during the COVID-19 pandemic.

An analysis of 18 species of stationary and migratory bats living in Switzerland has discovered that they harbor viruses from 39 different viral families -- including some viruses with the potential risk of jumping to other animals, including humans, and causing disease.

Is parenting life's greatest joy? New research from psychologists examines life satisfaction of adults who don't want children, revealing no differences compared to adults who are parents.

Nanoengineers have developed immune cell-mimicking nanoparticles that target inflammation in the lungs and deliver drugs directly where they're needed. As a proof of concept, the researchers filled the nanoparticles with the drug dexamethasone and administered them to mice with inflamed lung tissue. Inflammation was completely treated in mice given the nanoparticles, at a drug concentration where standard delivery methods did not have any efficacy.

A new study showing that computers can predict what paintings people will like offers insight into how our brains make aesthetic judgments.

Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) has well-established cardioprotective effects in preclinical studies and promising results in preclinical stroke research. Effective translation from preclinical studies to clinical trials has yet to be accomplished, perhaps because of the use of multiple applications of RIC (e.g., pre-, per-, or post-conditioning) in preclinical studies by both invasive and non-invasive protocols, some of which not clinically applicable. Our systematic review conformed to...

CONCLUSION: Almost half of women and just over one-third of men aged 50 years and older in Vietnam meet the NOF criteria for osteoporosis treatment. This finding can help develop guidelines for osteoporosis treatment in Vietnam.

CONCLUSIONS: High FOXP3 relative expression was associated with inferior outcome suggesting its potentiality as a molecular prognostic marker to predict childhood B-ALL patients' outcomes.

CONCLUSION: Participants in our study reported challenges in transitioning to telehealth modalities. The perceived loss of therapeutic communication, difficulties in assessing risks to healthcare consumers such as domestic violence and challenges delivering telehealth care to a marginalized consumer cohort need to be overcome before telehealth is considered successful in alcohol and other drug treatment. However, telehealth was a successful adjunct to existing practices for nurses working with...

Despite recent advances in the understanding of inherited muscle and neuromuscular junction diseases, as well as the advent of a wide range of genetic tests, patients continue to face delays in diagnosis of sometimes treatable disorders. These guidelines outline an approach to genetic testing in such disorders. Initially, a patient's phenotype is evaluated to identify myopathies requiring directed testing, including myotonic dystrophies, facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy, oculopharyngeal...

In the Review titled “Acute Pancreatitis: A Review,” published in the January 26, 2021, issue of JAMA, incorrect positive predictive values were reported. The sentence under Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis in the Methods section should have read “[C-reactive protein] levels of 190 mg/L or greater within the first 48 hours of admission or an absolute increase of greater than 90 mg/L have positive predictive values of 31.7% and 27.4% for predicting severe disease, respectively.” This article was corrected online.

Acute treatment for migraine, also called abortive or symptomatic treatment, is used at the time of a migraine attack with the aim of relieving both pain and the associated symptoms of migraine such as photophobia, phonophobia, and nausea. Available data and expert consensus agree that acute treatment should be reliably and quickly effective, have a low incidence of symptom recurrence, be safe and free from bothersome adverse effects that negate the functional benefits of treatment, and be accessible and affordable. Despite the availability of migraine-specific therapies and nonspecific analgesic acute treatments, these goals can be difficult to meet. In a US population-based study from 2016 involving 8233 participants with episodic migraine, 56% reported inadequate response to acute treatment at 2 hours for at least half of their migraine headaches, and an additional 26% reported recurrence within 24 hours after initial benefit.

After reviewing published articles and conducting its own testing, FDA officials said it doesn’t appear that consumer electronics such as cellphones or smartwatches with high–field strength magnets pose serious risks for people with implanted medical devices.

A months-long investigation has pointed to contaminated water at a Holtville, California, farm as a contributor to the largest US Salmonella outbreak in more than a decade, according to a recent FDA report.

As manufacturers’ interest grows in the development of medical devices that can improve glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes, the FDA has issued draft guidance on how to design clinical studies to evaluate the devices.

Researchers Tie Severe Immunosuppression to Chronic COVID-19 and Virus Variants; An Inside Look at a Post–COVID-19 Clinic; COVID-19 and the “Lost Year” for Smokers Trying to Quit

Related Content:

• Researchers Tie Severe Immunosuppression to Chronic COVID-19 and Virus Variants
• An Inside Look at a Post–COVID-19 Clinic
• COVID-19 and the “Lost Year” for Smokers Trying to Quit

Michigan public officials’ decision to change Flint’s water supply in 2014 created widespread lead contamination in the city’s drinking water. Pediatrician Mona Hanna-Attisha, MD, MPH, revealed the tainted water’s effects on the city’s children during an unusual press conference in 2015. Although it took 7 years, a grand jury handed down indictments against 9 public officials, including Governor Rick Snyder, for their roles in the crisis. JAMA Medical News Associate Managing Editor Jennifer Abbasi recently caught up with Hanna-Attisha to discuss the health of Flint’s children, the future of its water supply, and other pressing public health issues.

Related Content:

Lead, Mistrust, and Trauma—Whistleblowing Pediatrician Discusses the Legacy of Flint’s Water Crisis

COVID-19 leaves some people with a troubling constellation of symptoms that has been known as long-haul COVID but now has a more formal name: postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). Currently, 33 states in the US have at least 1 clinic dedicated to caring for patients with PASC. Aluko Hope, MD, a pulmonary and critical care physician, cofounded the Montefiore-Einstein COVID-19 Recovery Clinic in New York in 2020. Now the medical director of the Long Covid-19 Program at the Oregon Health & Sciences University, Dr Hope provides insight into the care provided at a post-COVID-19 clinic.

Related Content:

An Inside Look at a Post–COVID-19 Clinic

In this Medical News podcast, Rita Rubin interviews retired neurologist Daniel Gibbs, MD, about his efforts to lessen the stigma surrounding Alzheimer disease, which he was diagnosed with 5 years ago.

Related Content:

Neurologist Faces His Alzheimer Diagnosis Determined to Lessen Stigma Surrounding the Disease

How Sharing Clinical Notes Affects the Patient-Physician Relationship; Experts Discuss COVID-19—Variants and Vaccine Efficacy, Immunosuppressed Patients, and More; The Push for Timely Follow-up After Abnormal At-home Colon Cancer Screening Results

Related Content:

How Sharing Clinical Notes Affects the Patient-Physician Relationship

Experts Discuss COVID-19—Variants and Vaccine Efficacy, Immunosuppressed Patients, and More

The Push for Timely Follow-up After Abnormal At-home Colon Cancer Screening Results

Chronic pelvic pain is a challenging condition that affects an estimated 26% of the world’s female population. JAMA Associate Editor Linda Brubaker, MD, and Georgine Lamvu, MD, of the University of Central Florida, discuss recommendations from consensus guidelines intended to improve the care of women with chronic pelvic pain and to facilitate positive clinical experiences for them.

Related Articles:

• Chronic Pelvic Pain in Women
• I Have Chronic Pelvic Pain: What Should I Know?

Routine wellness or "checkup" visits are popular with patients and physicians but questions persist about their value, goals, and effective components. JAMA Associate Editor Anne Cappola, MD, ScM, discusses the evidence for and against the practice with Jeffrey Linder, MD, MPH, of the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, and Allan S. Brett, MD, of the University of Colorado School of Medicine.

Related Content:

General Health Checks in Adult Primary Care

Lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) affects approximately 8.5 million people in the US and about 230 million worldwide. JAMA Deputy Editor Greg Curfman, MD, interviews Mary M. McDermott, MD, of Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, to discuss current evidence regarding diagnosis and optimal medical treatment of people with PAD to prevent cardiovascular events, improve walking impairment, and prevent lower extremity ischemic events such as amputation or limb ischemia.

Related Article(s):

Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease Without Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia

Interview with Aaron B. Caughey, MD, PhD, USPSTF member and coauthor of Behavioral Counseling Interventions for Healthy Weight and Weight Gain in Pregnancy: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement

Related Content:

• Counseling and Behavioral Interventions for Healthy Weight and Weight Gain in Pregnancy: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force
• Behavioral Interventions for Healthy Weight Gain During Pregnancy

Interview with Michael Barry, MD, USPSTF vice chairperson and author of Screening for Colorectal Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement

Related Article(s):

Screening for Colorectal Cancer

This study uses Medicare claims data to compare spending for hip and joint replacements among hospitals with voluntary vs mandatory participation vs nonparticipation in the Medicare Bundled Payments for Care Improvement program between 2011 and 2017.

This study examines the association between prescription drug monitoring program mandates and changes in opioids dispensed to patients with sickle cell disease or cancer with bone metastasis who presented to the emergency department in 29 US states.

Here's what we chose for you from NEJM Group today: New England Journal of Medicine: Perspective: As difficult as 2020 was, it also brought some...

Dear Readers, This marks our final issue of Physician's First Watch. Over the past couple of weeks, hundreds of you have written to us to...

Blood pressure (BP)–lowering treatment is associated with lower risk for cardiovascular (CV) events across a wide range of BP levels and in patients with...

Higher body-mass index is associated with increased risk for severe COVID-19–related outcomes, even at a BMI considered a healthy weight, according to...

The FDA has embarked on a process to ban menthol cigarettes and all flavored cigars. In a statement released Thursday, the acting FDA commissioner, Dr...

Mortality and neurological outcomes were similar when targets were 32°C or 37.5°C.

We present the week's summaries, commentary, and news on the pandemic.

The vaccine demonstrated excellent efficacy and had a similar side-effect profile to that seen in young adults.

Two kiwifruits daily improved constipation and bloating in a small randomized trial.

A review showed some intermediate benefits, but evidence of long-term clinical effect is lacking.

We present the week's summaries, commentary, and news on the pandemic.

A postmortem study showed that myocardial fibrosis and sudden cardiac death were more common among those with HIV than without HIV— and one third of these deaths were caused by occult drug overdose.

Several recent cohort studies provide some guidance.

By 6 months, most organ-specific sequelae had resolved, but physical deconditioning and mental health concerns persisted.

A novel microRNA has potential as a noninvasive diagnostic tool in acute myocarditis.

Mortality and neurological outcomes were similar when targets were 32°C or 37.5°C.

Medicare's SEP-1 requirement leads to variable improvement in process measures without improving outcomes.

Between 2017 and 2019, poison center calls associated with ingestion of cannabis edibles by young children increased substantially.

An analysis of Swedish registry data showed STEMI patients without cardiovascular risk factors — particularly women — experienced higher mortality.

A scientific statement about this emergency scenario provides key details of special interest to clinicians.

An internist at Massachusetts General Hospital, Dr. Joseph Betancourt also runs their program on equity and community health. In this, the final entry in our four-interview exploration of race and clinical equity, Betancourt talks about the need for medical institutions to pay attention to what’s happening in their patients’ communities. To that end, MGH has a […]

The post Podcast 278: Where equity and community health intersect — a conversation with Joseph Betancourt first appeared on Clinical Conversations.

Dr. Sheares talks about her experience with inequities. She believes that clinicians should aspire to be students of their patients as well as of the pathophysiology of the diseases their patients present with. Listen in. Running time: 20 minutes

The post Podcast 277: Race and clinical equity — know your patients — a conversation with Karen Dorsey Sheares first appeared on Clinical Conversations.

In this, our second conversation on race and clinical equity, Dr. Karol Watson of UCLA offers her observations on what she’s observed as a cardiologist trying to deal with treatment plans for patients who’ve lost their health insurance or have had to go to a plan that doesn’t cover what’s needed. She reminds us that tagging […]

The post Podcast 276: Pay attention to the structural barriers that contribute to clinical inequity — Karol Watson first appeared on Clinical Conversations.

We’ve conducted a set of four interviews with physicians on the topic of race and clinical equity. The conversations center not so much on their published research, but on the roles that these physicians take in their organizations and, in addition, the stories they tell about their own experiences. Our first is with Dr. Kimberly Manning, who’s […]

The post Podcast 275: Race and Clinical Equity — a Conversation with Dr. Kimberly Manning first appeared on Clinical Conversations.

Apologies for the long silence. We have been off doing other things — one of which has been figuring out how to cover conferences. Last month, after much preparation, we covered the American Society of Hematology (ASH) annual conference; our second foray consists of brief coverage of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) gastrointestinal […]

The post Podcast 274: Preliminary Thoughts on the 2021 ASCO Gastrointestinal Cancer Conference first appeared on Clinical Conversations.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy during antidepressant taper was as effective as continuing antidepressants.

One third of such patients in U.S. nursing homes received anticoagulation.

In children aged <6 years with ADHD, stimulants were associated with greater clinical improvement but greater adverse effects than α2-adrenergic agonists.

Young people, those with previous psychiatric morbidity, and those who received life support were at highest risk.

In a meta-analysis, nonpharmacological interventions, whether with or without medications, were more efficacious for improving depressive symptoms.

In a meta-analysis, obese patients with and without diabetes both benefited from surgery, but those with diabetes benefited more.

Late-Breaking Clinical Trial presented at the 2021 Annual Scientific Session of the American College of Cardiology

Having diabetes for longer than 10 years was associated with doubled risk for dementia at age 70.

Adverse pregnancy outcomes are linked to heightened cardiovascular risks, warranting efforts for prevention in women.

Over-training can lead to glucose dysregulation.