Tin tức y tế

Researchers have developed a unique pre-clinical model that enables the study of long-term HIV infection, and the testing of new therapies aimed at curing the disease.

A new study shows how engineered immune cells move faster to attack tumors.

The latest analysis looked at data from more than 200,000 women aged 50-74 at recruitment who were followed up for an average of 16 years. The women were randomly allocated to one of three groups: no screening, annual screening using an ultrasound scan, and annual multimodal screening involving a blood test followed by an ultrasound scan as a second line test.

A new study on political polarization showed how an aversion to uncertainty is often associated with black-and-white political views.

In the largest study of the associations between smoking and cardiovascular disease on cognitive function, researchers found both impair the ability to learn and memorize; and that the effects of smoking are more pronounced among females, while males are more impaired by cardiovascular disease.

Little information has been compiled across studies about existing interventions to mitigate issues of medical financial hardship, despite growing interest in health care delivery. The purpose of this qualitative systematic scoping review was to examine content and outcomes of interventions to address medical financial hardship. PRISMA guidelines were applied to present results using PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL, published between January 1980 and August 2020. Additional studies were identified...

CONCLUSIONS: There is significant consensus among a panel of physicians performing bone marrow concentrate injections regarding best practice guidelines for musculoskeletal conditions.

CONCLUSION: As the symptom in most segmental zoster paresis patients is self-limited, and the patients' prognosis is generally good, early diagnosis of the disease is especially important, due to the avoidance of unnecessary diagnostic procedures and incorrect treatments. Standard treatment guidelines regarding the functional rehabilitation are still needed for patients with refractory segmental zoster paresis.

CONCLUSION: MOF might be the indication of prophylactic antifungal therapy in patients with AP.

INTRODUCTION: Current guidelines recommend intravenous (IV) proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy in peptic ulcer bleeding (PUB). We aimed to compare the efficacy of oral and IV administration of PPIs in PUB.

More than a year into the COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests are plentiful, but highly accurate, affordable, point-of-care versions with quantitative data still don’t exist. An innovative test from scientists at the University of California, San Francisco, and colleagues could change that.

An experimental peptide vaccine personalized for individual patients with different cancer types was well tolerated in a phase 1 trial, researchers reported at the American Association for Cancer Research annual meeting in April. The vaccine is designed to train the immune system to detect and eliminate so-called micrometastic disease that remains after cancer treatment and can lead to recurrence.

A novel, point-of-care (POC) antigen test in development at Duke University could allow for quick and accurate Ebola detection in decentralized health care facilities without a laboratory infrastructure. The World Health Organization has called for such a test since the 2014-2016 West Africa Ebola outbreak, which killed more than 11 000 people.

The JAMA Diagnostic Test Interpretation titled “Evaluation of Hypokalemia,” published in the March 23/30, 2021, issue of JAMA, included an error in the Figure identifying acute intracellular sodium shift as a potential readily identifiable cause of hypokalemia. This was corrected to instead include acute intracellular potassium shift as a readily identifiable cause of hypokalemia. All other information in the Figure was correct and is unchanged.

In the Research Letter titled “Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder Among Commercially Insured Patients in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic,” published in the December 15, 2020, issue of JAMA, a programming code error led to incorrect data reported throughout the Results section, the Figure, the Table, and the eTable in the Supplement. The main findings did not change. This article was corrected online.

Michigan public officials’ decision to change Flint’s water supply in 2014 created widespread lead contamination in the city’s drinking water. Pediatrician Mona Hanna-Attisha, MD, MPH, revealed the tainted water’s effects on the city’s children during an unusual press conference in 2015. Although it took 7 years, a grand jury handed down indictments against 9 public officials, including Governor Rick Snyder, for their roles in the crisis. JAMA Medical News Associate Managing Editor Jennifer Abbasi recently caught up with Hanna-Attisha to discuss the health of Flint’s children, the future of its water supply, and other pressing public health issues.

Related Content:

Lead, Mistrust, and Trauma—Whistleblowing Pediatrician Discusses the Legacy of Flint’s Water Crisis

COVID-19 leaves some people with a troubling constellation of symptoms that has been known as long-haul COVID but now has a more formal name: postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). Currently, 33 states in the US have at least 1 clinic dedicated to caring for patients with PASC. Aluko Hope, MD, a pulmonary and critical care physician, cofounded the Montefiore-Einstein COVID-19 Recovery Clinic in New York in 2020. Now the medical director of the Long Covid-19 Program at the Oregon Health & Sciences University, Dr Hope provides insight into the care provided at a post-COVID-19 clinic.

Related Content:

An Inside Look at a Post–COVID-19 Clinic

In this Medical News podcast, Rita Rubin interviews retired neurologist Daniel Gibbs, MD, about his efforts to lessen the stigma surrounding Alzheimer disease, which he was diagnosed with 5 years ago.

Related Content:

Neurologist Faces His Alzheimer Diagnosis Determined to Lessen Stigma Surrounding the Disease

How Sharing Clinical Notes Affects the Patient-Physician Relationship; Experts Discuss COVID-19—Variants and Vaccine Efficacy, Immunosuppressed Patients, and More; The Push for Timely Follow-up After Abnormal At-home Colon Cancer Screening Results

Related Content:

How Sharing Clinical Notes Affects the Patient-Physician Relationship

Experts Discuss COVID-19—Variants and Vaccine Efficacy, Immunosuppressed Patients, and More

The Push for Timely Follow-up After Abnormal At-home Colon Cancer Screening Results

In this Medical News article, William Pettit, DO, dean of the new Oklahoma State University College of Osteopathic Medicine at the Cherokee Nation, discusses how the first US medical school on tribal land came into being.

Related Article(s):

A Partnership With the Cherokee Nation Advances Medical Education on Tribal Land

Headache disorders are one of the most common reasons patients visit emergency rooms and medical offices. Matthew S. Robbins, MD, associate professor of neurology and neurology residency program director at Weill Cornell and New York Presbyterian Hospital, discusses effective migraine treatment approaches.

Related Content:

Diagnosis and Management of Headache

Headache is one of the most common reasons patients visit emergency rooms and medical offices. Matthew S. Robbins, MD, associate professor of neurology and neurology residency program director at Weill Cornell and New York Presbyterian Hospital, discusses the diagnostic approach to headache with a focus on distinguishing migraine from other primary headache disorders.

Related Content:

Diagnosis and Management of Headache

Chronic stable angina reduces quality of life and only rarely leads to acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Treatment is lifestyle modification to manage atherosclerotic risk factors, with revascularization (eg, PCI or CABG) indicated to reduce symptoms and improve quality of life only once medical therapy is maximized. James De Lemos, MD, professor of medicine in the division of cardiology at UT Southwestern Medical Center, summarizes these and other aspects of chronic stable angina management.

Related Content:

Diagnosis and Management of Stable Angina

Interview with John B. Wong, MD, USPSTF member and coauthor of USPSTF Recommendation: Screening for Hypertension in Adults

Related Content:

• Screening for Hypertension in Adults
• The 2021 USPSTF Recommendation on Blood Pressure Screening
• USPSTF Recommendation: Screening for Hypertension in Adults
• USPSTF Recommendation Statement on Hypertension Screening in Adults
• Hypertension Screening Recommendation and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Blood Pressure Control
• USPSTF Recommendations for Screening for Hypertension in Adults
• Patient Information: Screening for Hypertension in Adults
• The Surgeon General's Call to Action to Control Hypertension
• Hypertension, Obesity, and COVID-19

Dual antiplatelet therapy, typically aspirin and an oral P2Y12 receptor inhibitor (clopidogrel, prasugrel, ticagrelor, cangrelor), reduces adverse events after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) but choice of agent and optimal duration may be patient-specific. Umair Khalid, MD, a cardiologist at the Baylor School of Medicine in Houston, discusses how to use these agents in management of ACS.

Related Article(s):

Oral Antiplatelet Therapy After Acute Coronary Syndrome

This Viewpoint discusses ways clinicians can provide emotional and psychological support to surrogate decision makers to provide individualized support, lessen their strain, and foster patient-centered decisions for patients unable to make their own.

This study assesses the immunogenicity of the current COVID-19 mRNA vaccines in pregnant and lactating women against both the original SARS-CoV-2 USA-WA1/2020 strain as well as against the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants of concern.

Here's what we chose for you from NEJM Group today: New England Journal of Medicine: Perspective: As difficult as 2020 was, it also brought some...

Dear Readers, This marks our final issue of Physician's First Watch. Over the past couple of weeks, hundreds of you have written to us to...

Blood pressure (BP)–lowering treatment is associated with lower risk for cardiovascular (CV) events across a wide range of BP levels and in patients with...

Higher body-mass index is associated with increased risk for severe COVID-19–related outcomes, even at a BMI considered a healthy weight, according to...

The FDA has embarked on a process to ban menthol cigarettes and all flavored cigars. In a statement released Thursday, the acting FDA commissioner, Dr...

RECOVERY participants comprised adults hospitalized with COVID-19 who had hypoxia and evidence of increased inflammation.

A tTG titer greater than 10 times the upper limit of normal predicts biopsy findings of celiac disease.

Young people, those with previous psychiatric morbidity, and those who received life support were at highest risk.

A legitimate compromise between “yes” and “no” might be “later.”

In obese people, blood pressure, diabetes, and waist-to-hip ratio were the variables associated most closely with cardiovascular risk.

In obese people, blood pressure, diabetes, and waist-to-hip ratio were the variables associated most closely with cardiovascular risk.

A composite performance measure identified sites providing below-average care, amounting to 11% of all sites.

In a small study, His bundle pacing was associated with roughly equivalent outcomes as cardiac resynchronization therapy with coronary sinus leads.

We present the week's summaries, commentary, and news on the pandemic.

A meta-analysis shows that a fixed decrease in BP provided the same relative risk reduction, regardless of baseline BP.

Medicare's SEP-1 requirement leads to variable improvement in process measures without improving outcomes.

Between 2017 and 2019, poison center calls associated with ingestion of cannabis edibles by young children increased substantially.

An analysis of Swedish registry data showed STEMI patients without cardiovascular risk factors — particularly women — experienced higher mortality.

A scientific statement about this emergency scenario provides key details of special interest to clinicians.

And appendicitis patients with appendicoliths had more inflammation and higher risk for perforation.

An internist at Massachusetts General Hospital, Dr. Joseph Betancourt also runs their program on equity and community health. In this, the final entry in our four-interview exploration of race and clinical equity, Betancourt talks about the need for medical institutions to pay attention to what’s happening in their patients’ communities. To that end, MGH has a […]

The post Podcast 278: Where equity and community health intersect — a conversation with Joseph Betancourt first appeared on Clinical Conversations.

Dr. Sheares talks about her experience with inequities. She believes that clinicians should aspire to be students of their patients as well as of the pathophysiology of the diseases their patients present with. Listen in. Running time: 20 minutes

The post Podcast 277: Race and clinical equity — know your patients — a conversation with Karen Dorsey Sheares first appeared on Clinical Conversations.

In this, our second conversation on race and clinical equity, Dr. Karol Watson of UCLA offers her observations on what she’s observed as a cardiologist trying to deal with treatment plans for patients who’ve lost their health insurance or have had to go to a plan that doesn’t cover what’s needed. She reminds us that tagging […]

The post Podcast 276: Pay attention to the structural barriers that contribute to clinical inequity — Karol Watson first appeared on Clinical Conversations.

We’ve conducted a set of four interviews with physicians on the topic of race and clinical equity. The conversations center not so much on their published research, but on the roles that these physicians take in their organizations and, in addition, the stories they tell about their own experiences. Our first is with Dr. Kimberly Manning, who’s […]

The post Podcast 275: Race and Clinical Equity — a Conversation with Dr. Kimberly Manning first appeared on Clinical Conversations.

Apologies for the long silence. We have been off doing other things — one of which has been figuring out how to cover conferences. Last month, after much preparation, we covered the American Society of Hematology (ASH) annual conference; our second foray consists of brief coverage of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) gastrointestinal […]

The post Podcast 274: Preliminary Thoughts on the 2021 ASCO Gastrointestinal Cancer Conference first appeared on Clinical Conversations.

Young people, those with previous psychiatric morbidity, and those who received life support were at highest risk.

In a meta-analysis, nonpharmacological interventions, whether with or without medications, were more efficacious for improving depressive symptoms.

A patient navigational model lowered hospital readmissions and emergency department visits.

Mood disorders and anxiety disorders were especially common.

At 4 months post-infection, 52% of COVID-19 patients met criteria for major depression.

Having diabetes for longer than 10 years was associated with doubled risk for dementia at age 70.

Adverse pregnancy outcomes are linked to heightened cardiovascular risks, warranting efforts for prevention in women.

Over-training can lead to glucose dysregulation.

Severe hypoglycemia was less common after initiating long-acting insulin analogues than after initiating NPH insulin.

Glycemic control was overly intensive.